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Tag: Philosophy
Political philosophy mindmap
Political Philosophy
Central Idea
Ethics
Main Branches
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| Justice |
| Liberty |
| Equality |
| Rights |
| Democracy |
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Sub-Branches
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| Distributive |
| Retributive |
| Corrective |
| Civil |
| Political |
| Social |
| Economic |
| Cultural |
| Gender |
| Environmental|
| Global |
| Humanitarian|
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Philosophy branches
Philosophy
├─ Metaphysics
│ ├─ Ontology
│ ├─ Cosmology
│ ├─ Epistemology
│ ├─ Determinism
│ ├─ Free Will
│ ├─ Dualism
│ ├─ Materialism
│ └─ Idealism
├─ Ethics
│ ├─ Moral philosophy
│ ├─ Normative ethics
│ ├─ Applied ethics
│ ├─ Metaethics
│ ├─ Virtue ethics
│ ├─ Deontological ethics
│ ├─ Consequentialist ethics
│ └─ Utilitarianism
├─ Logic
│ ├─ Propositional logic
│ ├─ Predicate logic
│ ├─ Modal logic
│ ├─ Inductive logic
│ └─ Deductive reasoning
├─ Epistemology
│ ├─ Empiricism
│ ├─ Rationalism
│ ├─ Skepticism
│ ├─ Constructivism
│ └─ Objectivism
├─ Aesthetics
│ ├─ Philosophy of art
│ ├─ Beauty
│ ├─ Taste
│ └─ Expression
├─ Political philosophy
│ ├─ Social contract theory
│ ├─ Justice
│ ├─ Democracy
│ ├─ Libertarianism
│ ├─ Marxism
│ ├─ Feminism
│ └─ Environmentalism
├─ Philosophy of religion
│ ├─ The existence of God
│ ├─ Religious experience
│ ├─ Faith and reason
│ ├─ The problem of evil
│ ├─ Religious language
│ └─ Cosmological argument
└─ Philosophy of mind
├─ Dualism
├─ Materialism
├─ Functionalism
├─ Intentionality
├─ Consciousness
└─ Qualia
Moral Philosophers
Nietzsche’s Moral Philosophy:
Aspect | Nietzsche’s Moral Philosophy |
---|---|
Basis | Rejection of traditional morality |
Self-interest | Emphasizes individual will to power |
Ethics | Emphasis on self-realization and self-creation |
Virtue | Emphasis on strength, courage, and creativity |
Freedom | Emphasis on individual freedom and autonomy |
Society | Rejection of societal norms and values |
Purpose | Emphasis on personal fulfillment and expression |
God | Rejection of traditional religious beliefs |
Kant’s Moral Philosophy:
Aspect | Kant’s Moral Philosophy |
---|---|
Basis | Categorical imperative based on reason |
Self-interest | Duty to follow moral rules and principles |
Ethics | Emphasis on moral duty and obligation |
Virtue | Emphasis on rationality and moral integrity |
Freedom | Emphasis on moral autonomy and rationality |
Society | Emphasis on respect for others and society |
Purpose | Emphasis on universal moral principles |
God | Belief in God as the source of moral principles |
Michael Sandel’s Moral Philosophy:
Aspect | Michael Sandel’s Moral Philosophy |
---|---|
Basis | Emphasis on the common good and social justice |
Self-interest | Recognition of the role of personal values and commitments |
Ethics | Emphasis on ethical deliberation and public discourse |
Virtue | Emphasis on the virtues of citizenship and civic engagement |
Freedom | Emphasis on balancing individual freedom with the common good |
Society | Emphasis on the importance of community and shared values |
Purpose | Emphasis on the role of moral reasoning in public life |
God | Recognition of the role of religious and philosophical traditions |
John Rawls’ Moral Philosophy:
Aspect | John Rawls’ Moral Philosophy |
---|---|
Basis | Emphasis on justice as fairness |
Self-interest | Recognition of the role of self-interest in decision making |
Ethics | Emphasis on principles of justice and the common good |
Virtue | Emphasis on the virtues of civic friendship and public reason |
Freedom | Emphasis on ensuring a basic level of freedom and opportunity for all |
Society | Emphasis on the importance of social institutions in promoting justice |
Purpose | Emphasis on the role of political philosophy in promoting justice and equality |
God | Recognition of the diversity of religious and philosophical traditions |
Jeremy Bentham’s Moral Philosophy:
Aspect | Jeremy Bentham’s Moral Philosophy |
---|---|
Basis | Emphasis on the greatest happiness principle |
Self-interest | Individuals are motivated by pleasure and the avoidance of pain |
Ethics | Emphasis on promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number |
Virtue | Emphasis on individual and collective happiness |
Freedom | Emphasis on individual liberty and the absence of external constraints |
Society | Emphasis on social reforms that maximize happiness |
Purpose | Emphasis on practical social reforms |
God | Belief in utilitarianism as a secular moral principle |
John Stuart Mill’s Moral Philosophy:
Aspect | John Stuart Mill’s Moral Philosophy |
---|---|
Basis | Emphasis on the greatest happiness principle |
Self-interest | Individuals are motivated by pleasure and the avoidance of pain |
Ethics | Emphasis on promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number |
Virtue | Emphasis on individual and collective happiness |
Freedom | Emphasis on individual liberty and the absence of external constraints |
Society | Emphasis on social reforms that maximize happiness |
Purpose | Emphasis on practical social reforms |
God | Belief in utilitarianism as a secular moral principle |
Aristotle’s Moral Philosophy | Hume’s Moral Philosophy | Mill’s Moral Philosophy | Kant’s Moral Philosophy | Nietzsche’s Moral Philosophy | Rawls’ Moral Philosophy | Sandel’s Moral Philosophy | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basis | Virtue ethics | Sentimentalism | Utilitarianism | Categorical imperative based on reason | Rejection of traditional morality | Social contract theory based on justice | Communitarianism |
Self-interest | Emphasis on individual | Emphasis on self-interest and passions | Emphasis on happiness and individual liberty | Duty to follow moral rules and principles | Emphasizes individual will to power | Emphasis on individual rights and freedoms | Emphasis on civic virtues and common good |
Ethics | Emphasis on character | Emphasis on human nature and emotions | Emphasis on the greatest good for the greatest | Emphasis on moral duty and obligation | Emphasis on self-realization and self-creation | Emphasis on justice and fairness | Emphasis on the role of moral reasoning in society |
Virtue | Emphasis on practical wisdom | Emphasis on character and virtues | Emphasis on individuality and excellence | Emphasis on rationality and moral integrity | Emphasis on strength, courage, and creativity | Emphasis on cooperation and reciprocity | Emphasis on civic virtue and community norms |
Freedom | Emphasis on self-mastery | Emphasis on liberty and free will | Emphasis on individual liberty and autonomy | Emphasis on moral autonomy and rationality | Emphasis on individual freedom and autonomy | Emphasis on equal political and social rights | Emphasis on the role of institutions in shaping freedom |
Society | Emphasis on community | Emphasis on social customs and conventions | Emphasis on social justice and equality | Emphasis on respect for others and society | Rejection of societal norms and values | Emphasis on the basic structure of society | Emphasis on the role of institutions in shaping society |
Purpose | Emphasis on eudaimonia | Emphasis on human flourishing and happiness | Emphasis on promoting the greater good | Emphasis on universal moral principles | Emphasis on personal fulfillment and expression | Emphasis on the well-being of the least advantaged | Emphasis on civic engagement and participation |
God | Belief in a divine being | Skepticism towards religious belief and morality | Non-religious and non-metaphysical foundation | Belief in God as the source of moral principles | Rejection of traditional religious beliefs | No explicit focus on religious beliefs | No explicit focus on religious beliefs |